The impacts of CGIAR research: A review of recent evidence

We review evidence on the impacts of CGIAR research published since 2000 in order to provide insight into how successfully the CGIAR Centers have been in pursuing the System’s core missions. Our review suggests that CGIAR research contributions in crop genetic improvement, pest management, natural resources management, and policy research have, in the aggregate, yielded strongly positive impacts relative to investment, and appear likely to continue doing so. Crop genetic improvement research stands out as having had the most profound documented positive impacts. Substantial evidence exists that other research areas within the CGIAR have had large beneficial impacts although often locally and nationally rather than internationally. However, the “right-time, right-place” nature of successful policy research and the relatively limited geographic scale of much natural resource management research often limits the overall scale of impacts of these programmatic thrusts vis-à-vis genetic improvement research. We conclude that given the evidence available, the CGIAR’s portfolio of research allocations has become overly skewed toward natural resource management and policy research over time. Hence, restoring somewhat the share of resources allocated to crop genetic improvement is warranted. In addition, the CGIAR needs to prioritize impact assessment of resource management and policy research to deepen its understanding of the social and environmental impacts of its work.     

But are they Meritorious? Genetic Productivity Gains under Plant Intellectual Property Rights

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of Plant Variety Protection (PVP) on the productive merit/yield increases of US seed varieties. As an example, we use wheat varieties, which are and have been available as both protected and unprotected under PVP from both the public and private sectors. We find evidence that PVP has contributed to the genetic improvement of wheat, using varietal trial data from Washington State. As the private open‐pollinated varieties exist only because of PVP and are higher yielding, these results indicate a clear public benefit from PVP.     

全面质量管理与企业再造工程

分析了全面质量管理企业再造工程之间的内在联系和主要区别，指出企业再造工程并不是全面质量管理的取代者，全面质量晚适合我国企业，再造工程可作为企业深化全面质量管理的一种特殊工具。     

创新与完善公司财务治理结构的对策

有效的公司财务治理结构是提高公司财务决策效率、完善公司治理结构的重要保证。本文从财务目标选择、资本结构理论、财权决策机制和激励约束机制四方面提出了创新和完善公司财务治理结构的对策。     

安徽移动服务差异分析及改进策略探讨

服务质量是决定服务性企业营销效果、经济收益的最重要因素.文章借助于服务质量差异模型对安徽移动服务质量现状进行了深刻分析,从服务过程质量管理与控制角度分析,提出了增强服务意识、提高服务技巧、加大服务有形展示的力度、管理顾客等质量改进策略.     

钢管冷拔机结构缺陷的分析与改进方案的确定

冷拔机的小车钳口镶板、链轮、上料装置存在的设计结构缺陷,是造成冷拔机钢管弯曲的重要原因。文章通过对上述结构进行分析和重新设计,较好地解决了设计缺陷问题,提高了钢管拔直度。     

传统经济增长方式导致环境危机的经济学分析

环境资源是一种公共资源,传统经济增长方式带来了严重的环境污染问题,环境问题严重制约着我国经济增长和发展,因此传统的数量型经济增长方式已难以为继,转变现有的经济增长方式势在必行。从稀缺、欲望、市场机制和资源配置等经济学的重要范畴及其相互关系分析它们与资源环境危机之间的必然逻辑关系,结果表明传统经济学在基础层面上不适合指导人们的经济活动,应当建立新的经济学,把环境资源的稀缺性引入经济系统中,使其逐渐成为经济系统的内生变量,以拓宽经济学的研究视野。     

经济增长、环境治理与环境质量改善——基于动态面板数据模型的实证分析

文章通过建立省际动态面板数据模型,实证分析了经济增长、环境治理对环境质量改善的潜在影响。结果显示:经济增长与污染排放之间不存在固有的倒U型关系,仅当综合考虑其他潜在因素的影响时,二者之间的关系才呈现出显著倒U型曲线,这意味着经济增长本身不能促使环境质量改善。为缓解当前环境污染问题,在促进经济增长的同时应着力加大环境治理力度,削弱污染排放的累积效应,抑制环境污染,改善环境质量。     

药学专业学生工程意识提升的途径分析

化工原理是药学专业的一门专业基础课,目的在于培养学生逻辑推理和解决实际工程问题的能力,所以培养学生树立工程意识,对于学生专业能力的提高十分重要。本文首先对学生工程意识培养的现状和原因进行了简要论述,然后探讨了学生工程意识提升的有途径。通过优化课程内容和改革教学方法等创新举措,使得学生的工程意识得到一定程度的提升,从而提高其实际工作技能。     

桥梁钢箱梁顶推施工技术探索和构建

在我国基础交通设施建设的过程中,桥梁建设是其中的重点内容,也是整个交通设施的生命线。在道路桥梁施工中,顶推施工技术是重要的施工技术之一,在各类道路桥梁工程施工中具有重要的主体性地位。在开展桥梁钢箱梁顶推施工过程中,要严格遵照相关施工工艺标准和施工流程,并且科学、专业地进行施工指导,保障施工质量和施工安全。本文对于桥梁钢箱梁顶推施工技术的相关问题进行了分析与探索。